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*'''Maps, Plans, Profiles, and Cross-Sections''' | *'''Maps, Plans, Profiles, and Cross-Sections''' | ||
*'''Impacts from Dam Failure''': This is an estimate of what the impacts and damages could be if the well were to break, with attention to houses, roads, serious property damage, and other human structures. | *'''Impacts from Dam Failure''': This is an estimate of what the impacts and damages could be if the well were to break, with attention to houses, roads, serious property damage, and other human structures. | ||
− | *'''Groundwater Protection Requirements''': Verifies operators know the impoundments must be lined with impermeable membranes (at least 40 mils thick), and requires a working leakage detection system and working groundwater monitoring system be installed.<ref>{{ | + | *'''Groundwater Protection Requirements''': Verifies operators know the impoundments must be lined with impermeable membranes (at least 40 mils thick), and requires a working leakage detection system and working groundwater monitoring system be installed.<ref>{{cite news |
| last =Bureau of Waterways Engineering and Wetlands | | last =Bureau of Waterways Engineering and Wetlands | ||
− | | | + | | first =Office of Oil and Gas Management |
− | | | + | | title =Application Instructions for a Dam Permit for a Centralized Impoundment Dam for Oil and Gas Operations |
− | + | | newspaper =8000-PM-OOGM0084 | |
− | | | + | | location = |
− | + | | pages = | |
− | + | | language = | |
− | + | | publisher =Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection | |
+ | | date =Nov. 2013 | ||
+ | | url =http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/1380627/01_application_instructions_for_a_dam_permit_for_a_centralized_impoundment_dam_for_oil_and_gas_operations_pdf | ||
+ | }}</ref> | ||
==Environmental Hazards== | ==Environmental Hazards== | ||
==Notable Lawsuits and Spills== | ==Notable Lawsuits and Spills== |
Centralized impoundments are wastewater-holding facilities that are:
Centralized impoundments are frequently used by drilling operators to hold vast quantities of hazardous fracking flowback and produced water generated by unconventional shale wells. Centralized impoundments differ from other types of impoundments by being associated solely with hazardous waste, as compared to freshwater dams, and by serving to hold waste from multiple wells and/or well pads in the area surrounding them.
In order for an operator to build a centralized impoundment (CI) in Pennsylvania, they must apply for a Centralized Impoundment Permit.
Parts of the permit application beyond basic operator, certification, and engineering information for the process include:
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